The effect of blockage and tunnel slope on smoke spread and ceiling temperature distribution in a natural-ventilated metro depot

The current research investigated the coupling effect of blockage and tunnel slope on spreading characteristics fire smoke ceiling temperature distribution in a metro depot with one closed end. A series 1/15 reduced scale experiments full-scale numerical simulations were conducted to capture global characteristics. investigation addressed compared plume behavior both uphill downhill situations. presence upstream was further highlight heat accumulation between end fire, associated pool mass burning rate. Comparison has been made when increases tunnels. analyzed relation maximum extent high area at ceiling. Two empirical correlations have also proposed predict attenuation depot, accounting for influence slope. among measurements, predicted values, literature models data exhibit relatively good agreement.